000			06852cam a22002174a 4500
008			1988
040			_aGAMADERO _bspa _cGAMADERO
041			_aspa
050	0	0	_aQC879.6 _bW37 _c1988
100			_aPETER WARNECK _93967
245	0	0	_aCHEMISTRY OF THE NATURAL ATMOSPHERE
250			_a1ra. edición
260	3		_aACADEMIC PRESS. INC. _bUnited States OF America _c1988
300			_a753 pg. _bilustrado _c19.5 cm x 14 cm
505			_aAtmospheric chemistry deals with chemical compounds in the at-mosphere, their distribution, origin, chemical transformation into other com-pounds, and finally, their removal from the atmospheric domain. These substances may occur as gases, liquids, or solids. The composition of the at-mosphere is dominated by the gases nitrogen and oxygen in proportions that have been found invariable in time and space at altitudes up to 100 km. All other components are minor ones with many of them occurring only in traces. Atmospheric chemistry thus deals primarily with trace substances. As an interdisciplinary field of science, atmospheric chemistry has its main roots in meteorology and chemistry, with additional ties to microbiology, plant physiology, oceanography, and geology. The full range of the subject was last treated by C. E. Junge in his 1963 monograph "Air Chemistry and Radioac-tivity:" The extraordinarily rapid development of the field in the past two decades has added much new knowledge and insight into atmospheric pro-cesses so that an updated account is now called for. To some extent, the new knowledge has already been incorporated into the recent secondary literature. Most of these accounts, however, address specifically the problems of local air pollution, whereas the natural atmosphere has received only a fragmentary treatment even though it provides the yardstick for any assessment of air pollu-tion levels. The recognition that man has started to perturb the atmosphere on a global scale is now shifting the attention away from local toward global conditions, and this viewpoint deserves a more comprehensive treatment. Atmospheric chemistry is now being taught in specialty courses at depart-ments of chemistry and meteorology of many universities. The purpose of this book is to provide a reference source to graduate students and other interested persons with some background in the physical sciences. In prepar-ing the text, therefore, I have pursued two aims: one is to assemble and review observational data on which our knowledge of atmospheric process is founded; the second aim is to present concepts for the interpretation of the data in a manner suitable for classroom use. The major difficulty that 1 encountered in this ambitious approach was the condensation of an immense volume of material into a single book. As a consequence, I have had to com-promise on many interesting details. Observational data and the conclusions drawn from them receive much emphasis, but measurement techniques can. not be discussed in detail. Likewise, in dealing with theoretical concepts 1 have kept the mathematics to a minimum. The reader is urged to work our the calculations and, if necessary, to consult other texts to which reference is made. As in any active field of research, atmospheric chemistry abounds with speculations. Repeatedly I have had to resist the temptation to discuss speculative ideas in favor of simply stating the inadequacy of our knowledge The first two chapters present background information on the physical behavior of the atmosphere and on photochemical reactions for the benefit of chemists and meteorologists, respectively. Chapter 3, which deals with observations and chemistry of the stratosphere, follows naturally from the discussion in Chapter 2 of the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation in that atmospheric region. Chapter 4 develops basic concepts for treating tropospheric chemistry on a global scale. Methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen are then discussed. Subsequent chapters consider ozone, hydrocar-bons, and halocarbons in the troposphere. Chapters 7 and 8 are devoted to the formation, chemistry, and removal of aerosol particles and to the interac tion of trace substances with clouds and wet precipitation. These processes are essential for an understanding of the fate of nitrogen and sulfur com. pounds in the atmosphere, which are treated in Chapters 9 and 10. The last two chapters show the intimate connection of the atmosphere to other geochemical reservoirs. Chapter 11 introduces the underlying concepts in the case of carbon dioxide: Chapter 12 discusses the geochemical origin of the atmosphere and its major constituents. A major problem confronting me, as for many other authors, was the proper choice of units. Atmospheric scientists have not yet agreed on a stan dard system. Values often range over many orders of magnitude, and Sl units are not always practical. I have used the Sl system as far as possible but have found it necessary to depart from it in several cases. One is the use of molecules per cubic centimeter as a measure of number density since rate coefficients are given in these units. Another example is the use of grams per cubic meter for the liquid water content of clouds. I also have retained moles per liter instead of moles per cubic decimeter, and mbar instead of hPa for simplici-ty and because of widespread usage, although the purist will disapprove of it. Literature citations, although extensive, are by no means complete. A comprehensive coverage of the literature was neither possible nor intended. In keeping with the aim of reviewing established knowledge, the references are to document statements made in the text and to provide sources of obser-vational data and other quantitative information. On the whole, I have con-sidered the literature up to 1984, although more recent publications were included in some sections. Thanks are due to many colleagues of the local science community for advice and information. S. Dötsch and C. Wurzinger have compiled the list of references. I. Bambach, G. Feyerherd, G. Huster, and P. Lehmann have patiently prepared the illustrations. To all of them I am grateful for essential help in bringing this volume to completion.
520			_aChemistry of the Natural Atmosphere" de Peter Warneck ofrece un estudio detallado de la composición, dinámica y reacciones químicas de la atmósfera terrestre, enfocado en constituyentes traza, cinética química y procesos biogeoquímicos. Analiza la troposfera y estratosfera, cubriendo reacciones gaseosas, aerosoles y nubes para explicar la química atmosférica natural y la dispersión de la luz.
526			_aIngeniería Ambiental
650		0	_aQuímica _948
942			_2lcc _cLIB _e1ra. edición _n0
945			_a1260 _bNorma Gabriela Corona Arreguin _c1260 _dNorma Gabriela Corona Arreguin
999			_c9005 _d9005