ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Chapter 1
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
1.1 Organic Compounds
Chapter 2
BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Atomic Orbitals
Covalent Bond Formation-Molecular Orbital (MO) Method
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Electronegativity and Polarity
Oxidation Number
Intermolecular (vander Waals) Forces Resonance and Delocalized p Electrons
Chapter 3 CHEMICAL REACTIVITY AND ORGANIC REACTIONS
3.1 Reaction Mechanism
3.2 Carbon-Containing Intermediates
3.3 Types of Organic Reactions
3.4 Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Reagents
3.5 Thermodynamics
3.6 Bond Dissociation Energies
3.7 Chemical Equilibrium
3.8 Rates of Reactions
3.9 Transition-State Theory and Enthalpy Diagrams
3.10 Acids and Bases
Chapter 4 ALKANES
4.1 Definition
4.2 Nomenclature of Alkanes
4.3 Preparation of Alkanes
4.4 Chemical Properties of Alkanes
Chapter 5
STEREOCHEMISTRY
5.1 Stereoisomerism
5.2 Optical Isomerism
5.3 Relative and Absolute Configuration
5.4 Molecules with More than One Chiral Center
5.5 Synthesis and Optical Activity
Chapter 6 ALKENES
6.1 Nomenclature and Structure
6.2 Preparation of Alkenes
6.3 Chemical Properties of Alkenes
6.4 Electrophilic Polar Addition Reactions
6.5 Summary of Alkene Chemistry
Chapter 7
ALKYL HALIDES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Synthesis of R
7.3 Chemical Properties
7.4 Summary of Alkyl Halide Chemistry
Chapter 8
ALKYNES AND DIENES
8.1 Alkynes
8.2 Chemical Properties of Acetylenes
8.3 Alkadienes
8.4 Polymerization of Dienes
8.5 Summary of Alkyne Chemistry
8.6 Summary of Diene Chemistry
Chapter 9
ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS
9.1Nomenclature and Structure
9.2Methods of Preparation
9.3Conformations of Cycloalkanes
Molecular-Orbital Interpretation of Concerted Cycloaddition
Reactions: Woodward-Hoffmann Rules
9.5 Terpenes and the Isoprene Rule
Chapter 10 BENZENE AND AROMATICITY
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Aromaticity and Hückel's Rule
10.3 Antiaromaticity
10.4 Nomenclature
Chapter 11 AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION. ARENES
11.1 Aromatic Substitution by Electrophiles (Lewis Acids, E* or E)
11.2 Nucleophilic and Free-Radical Substitutions
11.3 Arenes
Chapter 12 SPECTROSCOPY AND STRUCTURE
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
12.3 Infrared Spectroscopy
12.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
12.5 Mass Spectroscopy
Chapter 13 ALCOHOLS
13.1 General
13.2 Preparation
13.3 Reactions of Alcohols
Chapter 14 ETHERS, EPOXIDES AND GLYCOLS
14.1 Introduction and Nomenclature
14.2 Preparation
14.3 Chemical Properties
14.4 Glycols
14.5 Summary of Glycol Chemistry
Chapter 15 THE CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
15.1 Nomenclature
15.2 Methods of Preparation
15.3 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
Chapter 16 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
16.3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
16.4 Summary of Carboxylic Acid Chemistry
16.5 Analytical Detection of Carboxylic Acids
Chapter 17 CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Chapter 18 AMINES
18.1 Introduction and Nomenclature
18.2 Preparation of Amines
18.3 Chemical Properties of Amines
18.4 Spectral Properties
18.5 Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Chemistry of Acyl Derivatives
17.3 Dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives
17.4 Claisen Condensation; Reactions of B-Ketoesters
17.5 Lactones, Lactams
17.6 Carbonic Acid Derivatives
Chapter 19 ARYL HALIDES
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Reactions of Aryl Halides
19.3 Methods of Preparation of Aryl Halides
19.4 Chemical Properties
Chapter 20 AROMATIC SULFONIC ACIDS;
ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Preparation
20.3 Chemical Properties
20.4 Derivatives of Aromatic Sulfonic Acids
20.5 Comparison of Sulfonic and Carborvlic Acid Chemistry
20.6 Summary of Aliphatic Sulfur Compounds
Chapter 21 PHENOLS
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Preparation
21.3 Chemical Properties
21.4 Analytical Detection of Phenols
21.5 Summary of Phenols
21.6 Summary of Ethers and Esters of Phenols
Chapter 22 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Isolated Ring Systems
22.3 Naphthalene
22.4 Summary of Naphthalene Reactions
Chapter 23 HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
23.1 Introduction and Nomenclature
23.2 Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds. Furan (with O),
Thiophene (with S), Pyrrole (with N)
23.3 Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds
23.4 Condensed Ring Systems
Chapter 24 AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Preparation of a-Amino Acids
24.3 Acid-Base (Amphoteric) Properties
24.4 Peptides
24.5 Proteins
Chapter 25 CARBOHYDRATES
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Chemical Properties of Monosaccharides
25.3 Evidence for Hemiacetal Formation as Exemplified with Glucose
25.4 Stereochemistry of Glucose
25.5 Disaccharides
25.6 Polysaccharides
Chapter 26 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS
26.1 Formulas and Molecular Weights
26.2 Colligative Properties
26.3 Yields
26.4 Neutralization Equivalent (NE)
26.5 Chemical Equilibrium
26.6 Distillation Problems
26.7 Solvent Extraction

The beginning student in Organic Chemistry is often overwhelmed by facts, concepts, and new language. Each year, textbooks of Organic Chemistry grow in quantity of subject matter and in level of sophistication. This Schaum'S Outline was undertaken (initially by the senior author, . S.) to give a clear view of first-year Organic Chemistry through the solution of illustrative problems.
Completely worked-out problems make up over 80% of the book, the remainder being a concise presentation of theory. The reader learns by thinking and doing rather than by being told.
This outline can be used in support of a standard text, as a text to supplement a good set of lecture notes, as a review book for taking professional examinations, and as a vehicle for self-instruction.
Our thanks and appreciation to Mr. Larry Alemany for his expert criticism from a student's viewpoint and for his careful proofreading, to Mr. David
Beckwith for his editorial assistance, and to Mrs. Joyce Gaiser for her meticulous typing.

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