Engineering Hydraulics /

EDITORIAL
John Wiley & sons
ISBN
0-471-74283-X

CONTENTS

1. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF FLOW-HUNTER ROUSE

A. Preliminary Considerations...

B. Velocity Distribution in Accelerated Flow

C. Pressure Distribution in Accelerated Flow

D. Effects of Gravity on Fluid Motion

E. One-Dimensional Methods of Analysis

F. Viscosity and Fluid Turbulence

G. Surface Resistance.

H. Form Resistance

11. HYDRAULIC SIMILITUDE-J. E. WARNOCK

1

6

25

37

55

75

99

115

A. Introduction

B. Similitude Requirements

C. Model Techniques

D. Closed-Conduit Models.

E. Open-Channel Models

F. Tidal and Wave Models

G. Hydraulic-Machinery Models

136

138

144

148

156

167

172

III. FLOW MEASUREMENT-J. W. HOWE

A. Measurement of Fundamental Quantities

177

B. Pressure Measurement

186

C. Velocity Measurement

193

D. Discharge Measurement in Closed Conduits

200

E. Discharge Measurement in Open Channels

212

IV. HYDROLOGY-G, R. WILLIAMS

A. Hydrology as a Science

B. Meteorological Principles

C. Climatology

D. Runoff

E. Ground Water

F. Storm Rainfall

G. Storm Runoff

H. Relation between Storm Rainfall and Storm Runoff

229

233

246

256

264

267

289

305

309

I. Rational Theory of Surface Runoff for Drainage Design

V. FLOW OF GROUND WATER-C. E. JACOB

A. Introduction

B. Derivation of the Fundamental Equations

C. Steady Confined Flow


CONTENTS

D Unsteady Confined Flow

E. Unconfined Flow

VI STEADY FLOW IN PIPES AND CONDUITS-VIREKTHE

364

378

A General Considerations

Velocity Distribution

C. Surface Resistance

D. Form Resistance

E. Analysis of Compound Lines

387

192

402

412

425

434

F. Analysis of Complex Systems

VII. SURGES AND WATER HAMMER-J. S. McNows

A. Unsteady Flow in Closed Conduits

B. Surge Tanks and Conduit Flow

C. Water Hammer in Simple Conduits

D. Water Hammer and Hydraulic Design

444

459

468

486

VIII. CHANNEL TRANSITIONS AND CONTROLS-A T IPPes

A. General Considerations

B. Transitions for Subcritical Flow

C. Control Sections

D. Transitions for Supercritical Flow

E. Stilling Basins

496

512

525

543

570

IX. GRADUALLY VARIED CHANNEL FLOW-CJ POSEY

A. Preliminary Considerations

B. Gradually Varied Flow in Uniform Channels

C. Analysis of Flow Profiles

D. Gradually Varied Flow in Non-Uniform Channels

589

609

617

622

X. FLOOD ROUTING-B. R. GILCREST

A. Introduction

635

B. Mathematics of Flood Routing

6.38

C. Routing of Floods through Reservoirs

662

D. Routing of Floods through Open Channels

676

XI. WAVE MOTION-G. Η KEULEGAN

A. Preliminary Considerations

B. Shallow-Water Waves

C. Deep-Water Waves

D. Oscillatory Waves in Shatlow Water

E. Transformation of Waves

F. Open-Channel Surges

G. Internal Waves

711

718

726

731

736

745

756

XII. SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION-CARL B. BROWS

A The Sediment Problem

B. Sediment Properties

C. Fundamental Principles of Movement

769

774

786

Although American technical literature is replete with contributions to the applied science of hydraulics, this country had still produced no comprehensive reference volume on the subject as the first half of the century neared an end. For the detailed principles of analysis required in many design problems, hydraulic engineers had recourse only to college textbooks, handbooks, and office manuals, or to such foreign works as Forchheimer's Hydraulik, Gibson's Hydraulics and Its Applications, and perhaps Flamant's Hydraulique. Indeed, the recent publication of Dominguez' Hidráulica and Jaeger's Technische Hydraulik only emphasized the inadequacy of our own literature in this field. Extensive treatises on hydraulic engineering had been written in the United States, to be sure, but never a thoroughgoing presentation of engineering hydraulics in its own right.

As the fourth in its series of triennial hydraulics conferences, there fore, the lowa Institute of Hydraulic Research arranged a group of technical sessions with the specific aim of bringing such a book into existence. On the basis of preliminary discussions, the senior staff of the Institute divided the field into thirteen interrelated subjects, and, guided by advice from its Board of Consultants, in 1947 invited authorities on the various subjects to prepare papers representing consecutive chapters of the book. After outlines and tentative drafts had initially been correlated, the manuscripts were written and sub-mitted in 1948, carefully edited to the end of further correlation, and then preprinted in time for distribution to the conference registrants in the spring of 1949.

The primary purpose of the conference itself, attended by 425 engineers from 40 states and 12 foreign countries, was the critical review of the chapter preprints. Discussion of the undertaking as a whole and of Chapter I in particular was led by Boris A. Bakhmeteff of Columbia University. Leaders for the twelve other chapter dis-cussions were the following: Warnock's Chapter IH, Edward Soucek of the Corps of Engineers; Howe's Chapter III, C. G. Paulsen of the U. S. Geological Survey; Williams' Chapter IV (presented in the author's absence by his colleague, G. T. McCarthy), W. W. Horner of Horner and Shifrin; Jacob's Chapter V, J. G. Ferris of the U. S.

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