Using Turbo C /

Editorial:
McGraw-Hill

"• FOREWORD
• PREFACE
• PART ONE
• INTRODUCTION TO TURBO C
• TURBO C IN PERSPECTIVE
• THE ORIGINS OF C
• C IS A MIDDLE-LEVEL LANGUAGE
• C IS A STRUCTURED LANGUAGE
• A REPLACEMENT OF ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
• WHAT CAN C BE USED FOR?
• A PROGRAMMER'S LANGUAGE
• COMPILERS VERSUS INTERPRETERS
• A WORD TO TURBO PASCAL USERS
• START YOUR ENGINES
• 2
• THE TURBO C ENVIRONMENT
• EXECUTING TURBO C
• THE MAIN MENU
• THE EDIT WINDOW
• THE MESSAGE WINDOW
• THE HOT KEYS
• THE TCINST PROGRAM
• USING THE TURBO C EDITOR
• EDITOR COMMANDS
• INVOKING THE EDITOR AND ENTERING TEXT
• DELETING CHARACTERS, WORDS, AND LINES
• MOVING, COPYING, AND DELETING BLOCKS OF TEXT
• MORE ON CURSOR MOVEMENT
• FIND AND FIND-AND-REPLACE
• SAVING AND LOADING YOUR FILE
• UNDERSTANDING AUTO-INDENTATION
• MOVING BLOCKS OF TEXT TO AND FROM DISK FILES
• MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
• THE EDITOR COMMAND SUMMARY
• INVOKING TURBO C WITH A FILENAME
• 4
• TURBO C ESSENTIALS
• TURBO C IS CASE-SENSITIVE
• A SIMPLE TURBO C PROGRAM
• HANDLING ERRORS
• A SECOND PROGRAM
• A QUICK REVIEW
• WHAT IS A TURBO C FUNCTION?
• TWO SIMPLE COMMANDS
• BLOCKS OF CODE
• CHARACTERS AND STRINGS
• A QUICK REVIEW OF PRINT()
• A QUICK REVIEW OF SCANF()
• SEMICOLONS, BRACES, AND COMMENTS
• INDENTATION PRACTICES
• THE TURBO C LIBRARY
• THE TURBO C KEYWORDS
• A REVIEW OF TERMS

• PART TWO
• 5
• TURBO C BASICS
• VARIABLES, CONSTANTS, OPERATORS, AND EXPRESSIONS
• IDENTIFIERS
• DATA TYPES
• DECLARING VARIABLES
• CONSTANTS
• OPERATORS
• EXPRESSIONS
• 6
• PROGRAM-CONTROL STATEMENTS
• THE IF STATEMENT
• THE SWITCH STATEMENT
• LOOPS
• THE FOR LOOP
• THE WHILE LOOP
• THE DO/WHILE LOOP
• NESTED LOOPS
• LOOP BREAKING
• THE CONTINUE STATEMENT
• LABELS AND GOTO
• 7
• ARRAYS AND STRINGS
• SINGLY DIMENSIONED ARRAYS
• STRINGS
• TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
• MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
• ARRAY INITIALIZATION
• A TIC TAC TOE EXAMPLE
• 8
• POINTERS
• POINTERS ARE ADDRESSES
• POINTER VARIABLES
• THE POINTER OPERATORS
• POINTER EXPRESSIONS
• POINTERS AND ARRAYS
• POINTERS TO POINTERS
• INITIALIZING POINTERS
• PROBLEMS WITH POINTERS
• DYNAMIC ALLOCATION
• 9
• BUSCAR
• A CLOSER LOOK AT FUNCTIONS
• THE GENERAL FORM OF A FUNCTION
• THE RETURN STATEMENT
• SCOPE RULES OF FUNCTIONS
• FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
• THE ARGUMENTS ARGE AND ARGV TO MAIN()
• FUNCTIONS THAT RETURN NONINTEGER VALUES
• FUNCTION PROTOTYPES
• RECURSION
• IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
• 10
• INPUT AND OUTPUT
• TWO PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES
• THE STDIO.H HEADER FILE
• STREAMS AND FILES
• STREAMS
• FILES
• CONCEPTUAL VERSUS ACTUAL
• CONSOLE I/O
• FORMATTED CONSOLE I/O
• THE BUFFERED I/O SYSTEM
• UNBUFFERED I/O-THE UNIX-LIKE FILE ROUTINES
• CHOOSING AN APPROACH
• PART THREE
• ADVANCED TOPICS
• 11
• ADVANCED DATA TYPES
• ACCESS MODIFIERS
• PH
• STORAGE-CLASS SPECIFIERS
• TYPE CONVERSION IN ASSIGNMENTS
• FUNCTION-TYPE MODIFIERS
• POINTERS TO FUNCTIONS
• 12
• USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES
• STRUCTURES
• ARRAYS OF STRUCTURES
• PASSING STRUCTURES TO FUNCTIONS
• POINTERS TO STRUCTURES
• ARRAYS AND STRUCTURES WITHIN STRUCTURES
• BITFIELDS
• UNIONS
• ENUMERATIONS
• USING SIZEOF TO ENSURE PORTABILITY
• THE KEYWORD TYPEDEF
• 13
• ADVANCED OPERATORS
• BITWISE OPERATORS
• THE? OPERATOR
• C SHORTHAND
• THE COMMA OPERATOR
• PARENTHESES AND SQUARE BRACKETS
• PRECEDENCE SUMMARY
• 14
• THE TURBO C PREPROCESSOR AND
• COMPILER OPTIONS
• THE TURBO C PREPROCESSOR
• THE #DEFINE DIRECTIVE
• THE #ERROR DIRECTIVE
• THE #INCLUDE DIRECTIVE
• CONDITIONAL COMPILATION DIRECTIVES
• THE #UNDEF DIRECTIVE
• THE #LINE DIRECTIVE
• THE #PRAGMA DIRECTIVE
• PREDEFINED MACRO-NAMES
• COMPILER AND LINKER OPTIONS
• COMPILER OPTIONS
• LINKER OPTIONS
• THE TURBO C INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
• ARGS
• SAVING AND LOADING OPTIONS
• SOME COMMON TURBO C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
• 15
• STRING AND CHARACTER FUNCTIONS
• THE MATHEMATICS FUNCTIONS
• OPERATING-SYSTEM-RELATED FUNCTIONS
• DYNAMIC ALLOCATION
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
• 16
• MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
• COMPILING MULTIPLE-FILE PROGRAMS
• THE COMMAND-LINE VERSION OF TURBO C
• A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE STANDALONE MAKE SOME COMMON PROGRAMMING ERRORS PARTING WORDS
• APPENDIX INSTALLING TURBO C
• TURBO C HARD-DISK INSTALLATION: QUICK AND DIRTY
• HARD-DISK INSTALLATION: SQUEAKY CLEAN
• INSTALLING TURBO C ON A ONE-FLOPPY-DRIVE SYSTEM USING TURBO C WITH TWO FLOPPY DRIVES
• INDEX"

"I HAVE BEEN PROGRAMMING IN C SINCE THE MID 1970S AND HAVE BEEN WRITING ABOUT THE C LANGUAGE FOR THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS. ALTHOUGH I AM FLUENT IN THE MOST POPULAR COMPUTER LANGUAGES, INCLUDING FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, ADA, PROLOG, AND ASSEMBLER, IT IS C THAT I CHOOSE FOR MY OWN PROJECTS. I LIKE THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND C: IT OFFERS FREEDOM, ELEGANCE, AND CONSISTENCY. JUST BEFORE BORLAND ANNOUNCED TURBO C, I-LIKE MANY OTHER C PROGRAMMERS -WAS FAIRLY SURE THAT C COMPILERS FOR MICROCOMPUTERS HAD NEARLY SCALED WHAT-EVER HEIGHTS THEY COULD REACH, AND THAT ANY IMPROVEMENTS WOULD BE SMALL AND INSIGNIFICANT. FRANKLY, I THINK THAT A LARGE PART OF THE C PROGRAMMING COMMUNITY HAD BECOME A LITTLE COMPLACENT. NEEDLESS TO SAY, TURBO C CER-TAINLY CHANGED THAT!

FIRST AND FOREMOST, TURBO C IS A ""C PROGRAMMER'S COMPILER"": IT IS FAST-REALLY FAST-BOTH IN COMPILATION AND IN EXECUTION. IF YOU HAVE NEVER USED A C COMPILER BEFORE, YOU MIGHT BE SURPRISED TO LEARN HOW SLOWLY SOME OF THEM"